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Darjeeling Zoo, West Bengal

Nestled in the misty hills of Darjeeling, India, the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—is a remarkable sanctuary dedicated to preserving Himalayan wildlife. Established in 1958 and perched at an altitude of about 7,000 feet, it holds the distinction of being the largest high-altitude zoo in India. The zoo was named in honor of Padmaja Naidu, the former Governor of West Bengal and daughter of the celebrated poet Sarojini Naidu.

What sets this zoo apart is its focus on species adapted to alpine conditions. It’s a conservation haven for endangered animals like the snow leopard, Himalayan wolf, and the beloved red panda, which is also the park’s mascot. The zoo has earned international acclaim for its successful captive breeding programs, especially for the red panda and snow leopard, with breeding centers located in off-display areas to ensure minimal disturbance. It’s also a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, underscoring its commitment to global conservation standards.

Visitors to the zoo are treated to a diverse array of animals, including Himalayan black bears, yaks, Tibetan wolves, and a vibrant aviary filled with exotic birds like macaws and pheasants. The layout of the park encourages exploration, with winding paths leading to enclosures that mimic the animals’ natural habitats. The zoo shares its compound with the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute and the Bengal Natural History Museum, making it a multifaceted destination for nature and adventure lovers alike.

Beyond its role as a tourist attraction, the Darjeeling Zoo is a symbol of ecological stewardship. It received the prestigious Earth Heroes Award in 2014 from the Royal Bank of Scotland and the British Government for its conservation efforts. Whether you're an animal enthusiast, a curious traveler, or someone seeking a serene escape into nature, this zoo offers a rare glimpse into the fragile beauty of Himalayan wildlife.

Zoo access ramp

  • Photographs by Senorita786 and AshLin, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Entrance and suggested route through the zoo

  • Photograph by flowcomm, distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Himalayan Goral
The Himalayan Goral (Naemorhedus goral) is a nimble, goat-like herbivore native to the rugged terrains of the Himalayas. In West Bengal, this elusive creature finds refuge in several protected areas, including the Singalila National Park, Neora Valley National Park, and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary.

  • These gorals are well-adapted to steep, forested slopes and are known for their agility and keen senses. Unfortunately, their population has been declining due to habitat loss and hunting, prompting conservation efforts across the region.
  • At the heart of these efforts is the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—better known as the Darjeeling Zoo. This high-altitude zoo has taken a proactive role in the conservation of the Himalayan Goral through its captive breeding program. As of recent reports, the zoo houses 32 gorals (18 males and 14 females), and has conducted extensive research to identify suitable habitats for their release. These studies have included surveys of local communities and vegetation mapping to ensure the gorals’ survival in the wild.
  • One of the zoo’s notable achievements was the release of four captive-bred gorals into the Singalila National Park, marking a significant step in augmenting the wild population. This initiative reflects the zoo’s broader mission to not only preserve endangered Himalayan species but also to reintroduce them into their natural environments. The program is supported by the West Bengal Zoo Authority and aligns with national wildlife protection strategies.
  • The Himalayan Goral’s presence in the Darjeeling Zoo offers visitors a rare glimpse into the life of a species that is both hardy and vulnerable. Their enclosure mimics the steep terrain they naturally inhabit, allowing them to exhibit their characteristic climbing behavior. For conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts alike, the goral stands as a symbol of the delicate balance between human stewardship and nature’s resilience.
  • Photographs by Ankur P, distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Himalayan Tahr
The Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) is a robust, goat-like ungulate native to the steep, forested slopes of the Himalayas. Found across Nepal, northern India, and southern Tibet, this species thrives in elevations ranging from 2,500 to 5,000 meters. In West Bengal, its presence is limited and largely protected due to threats like habitat loss and illegal hunting.

  • The tahr plays a vital ecological role as a primary consumer and a key prey species for predators such as leopards and snow leopards, making its conservation essential for maintaining the balance of the Himalayan food web.
  • The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling—India’s largest high-altitude zoo—has emerged as a crucial player in the conservation of the Himalayan Tahr. As a participating institution in the species’ conservation breeding program, the zoo has collaborated with the Himalayan Zoological Park in Sikkim, which coordinates the initiative. The Darjeeling Zoo began its breeding efforts in 2009 with the acquisition of three pairs of founder stock from the Okinawa Kids Foundation in Japan. These animals formed the basis of a successful breeding program that has since produced multiple offspring.
  • Currently, the zoo houses 18 Himalayan Tahrs, with individuals kept both in public display areas and in a dedicated Conservation Breeding Centre at Dowhill, Kurseong. The enclosures are designed to mimic the rugged terrain of their native habitat, allowing the animals to exhibit natural behaviors like climbing and grazing. The zoo’s commitment to maintaining genetic diversity and monitoring health has ensured that no major diseases have affected the population so far, a testament to its careful management.
  • For visitors, the Himalayan Tahr offers a glimpse into the resilience and adaptability of mountain wildlife. Their thick, reddish-brown coats and curved horns make them visually striking, while their behavior reflects the challenges of surviving in alpine ecosystems. Through its breeding and educational efforts, the Darjeeling Zoo not only safeguards this vulnerable species but also raises awareness about the fragility of Himalayan biodiversity.
  • Photograph by Ankur P, distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Markhor
The Markhor (Capra falconeri) is a majestic wild goat species known for its striking spiral horns and rugged appearance. Native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, including parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and northern India, the Markhor is adapted to steep, rocky terrain and cold climates.

  • It plays a vital ecological role as a browser, feeding on shrubs and grasses, and is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to habitat loss, competition with livestock, and poaching.
  • In West Bengal, the Markhor is not naturally found in the wild but is represented in captivity at the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling. This high-altitude zoo specializes in Himalayan fauna and has included the Markhor in its collection of alpine herbivores. The zoo’s enclosures are designed to simulate the rocky slopes and sparse vegetation typical of the Markhor’s native habitat, allowing the animals to exhibit natural climbing and foraging behaviors.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo’s commitment to conservation extends to its captive breeding programs, although the Markhor is not currently part of a formal breeding initiative like the red panda or snow leopard. Nonetheless, its presence in the zoo serves an important educational purpose, raising awareness about the species and its conservation status. Visitors can observe the Markhor’s impressive horns and social interactions, which are especially striking during the rutting season when males compete for dominance.
  • By housing the Markhor, the Darjeeling Zoo adds to its diverse representation of high-altitude wildlife and reinforces its role as a center for Himalayan biodiversity. The zoo’s efforts in habitat simulation, animal care, and public education contribute to the broader mission of wildlife preservation in India. For many visitors, seeing a Markhor up close is a rare and memorable experience that highlights the delicate balance between nature and human stewardship.
  • Photograph by Ankur P, distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Gray Langur
The Gray Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), also known as the Hanuman Langur, is a highly adaptable primate found across the Indian subcontinent, including the forests and foothills of West Bengal.

  • These monkeys are known for their long limbs, expressive faces, and distinctive gray coats with black faces. They live in complex social groups and exhibit a wide range of behaviors, from playful interactions among juveniles to hierarchical dynamics among adults. In the wild, they are often seen leaping between trees or foraging on the ground for fruits, leaves, and flowers.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling, the Gray Langur is part of the zoo’s diverse collection of Himalayan fauna. The zoo houses a small family of six langurs, including adults, juveniles, and an infant, in two interconnected enclosures designed to mimic their natural habitat. These enclosures feature climbing structures like ropes and wooden logs, allowing the langurs to engage in species-specific behaviors such as swinging, wrestling, and grooming. Observational studies conducted at the zoo have provided valuable insights into their social interactions, including parental care, play behavior, and grooming rituals.
  • One particularly fascinating aspect of the zoo’s langur population is the detailed behavioral research that has been carried out. Over a two-month period, researchers documented interactions such as young-young play, adult grooming, and male aggression during feeding and mating. These studies revealed strong social bonds, especially between mothers and infants, and highlighted the importance of enrichment in captive environments. For example, juveniles were observed chasing and wrestling each other, while adults engaged in mutual grooming—a behavior that reinforces social cohesion and reduces stress.
  • By maintaining a healthy and socially active group of Gray Langurs, the Darjeeling Zoo not only contributes to public education but also supports broader conservation goals. The langurs’ presence helps raise awareness about primate behavior and the challenges of preserving biodiversity in the Himalayas. Their enclosure serves as a living classroom, offering visitors a glimpse into the intricate social lives of one of India’s most iconic primates.
  • Photographs by Ankit Kadam and Alexandre Ultré, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 and CC-BY 3.0 license.

Sambar Deer
The Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) is the largest deer species native to the Indian subcontinent, and it plays a vital role in forest ecosystems as both a grazer and prey for apex predators like tigers and leopards. In West Bengal, Sambar Deer are found in several protected areas, including the Buxa Tiger Reserve, Gorumara National Park, and Neora Valley National Park, where they thrive in dense forests and hilly terrain. Their impressive size, shaggy coats, and majestic antlers make them a standout among India’s wild herbivores.

  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—Sambar Deer are part of the zoo’s diverse collection of Himalayan and sub-Himalayan fauna. The zoo’s high-altitude setting and cool climate provide a comfortable environment for these deer, whose natural habitat includes forested hillsides and woodlands. Visitors can observe them in spacious enclosures that mimic their native terrain, complete with shaded areas and natural vegetation for browsing and resting.
  • While the Sambar Deer is not currently part of a formal conservation breeding program at the zoo, its presence serves an important educational purpose. The zoo emphasizes awareness about the species’ ecological role and the threats it faces, such as habitat fragmentation and poaching. Interpretive signage and guided tours help visitors understand the importance of preserving large herbivores like the Sambar, which contribute to seed dispersal and forest regeneration.
  • Seeing the Sambar Deer up close at the Darjeeling Zoo offers a rare opportunity to appreciate the grace and strength of this elusive animal. Their calm demeanor and stately movements contrast beautifully with the more energetic species nearby, creating a serene moment for wildlife enthusiasts. As part of the zoo’s broader mission to showcase and protect Himalayan biodiversity, the Sambar Deer stands as a quiet ambassador for India’s rich natural heritage.
  • Photograph by Smoky93, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

Blue Sheep
The Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur), also known as the Bharal, is a hardy caprine species native to the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas. Despite its name, the Blue Sheep is neither truly blue nor a sheep—it’s more closely related to goats. Its slate-gray coat can appear bluish in certain light, helping it blend into rocky mountain terrain. In India, wild populations are found in Ladakh, Sikkim, and parts of Arunachal Pradesh, but not naturally in West Bengal’s forests. However, the species plays a vital role in alpine ecosystems as a primary grazer and a key prey animal for predators like snow leopards and wolves.

  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling, the Blue Sheep is part of a focused conservation breeding program. The zoo began its efforts with four founder animals (two males and two females) acquired from the Okinawa Kids Foundation in Japan. These individuals formed the basis of a successful breeding initiative that has since produced multiple generations. As of the latest count, the zoo houses 16 Blue Sheep (10 males and 6 females), with some kept in display enclosures and others at the Conservation Breeding Centre in Dowhill, Kurseong.
  • The enclosures are designed to replicate the steep, grassy slopes of the Himalayas, allowing the sheep to exhibit natural behaviors like climbing, grazing, and resting in elevated areas. The zoo has reported no major health issues among its Blue Sheep population, and surplus males have been transferred to other high-altitude zoos to maintain genetic diversity. Notably, pairs have been sent to the Sikkim Zoo and Nainital Zoo, contributing to a broader network of conservation efforts across India.
  • For visitors, the Blue Sheep offers a glimpse into the rugged life of Himalayan herbivores. Their curved horns and agile movements make them a captivating sight, especially when navigating the rocky terrain of their enclosure. Through its breeding and educational programs, the Darjeeling Zoo not only safeguards this unique species but also fosters public appreciation for the fragile ecosystems of the Himalayas.
  • Photograph by Ankit Kadam, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Yak
The Yak (Bos grunniens) is a powerful, shaggy-coated bovine native to the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. In India, wild yaks are extremely rare and mostly confined to remote areas of Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh, while domesticated yaks are more widespread and serve as vital livestock for mountain communities.

  • These animals are built for cold climates, with dense fur, large lungs, and a slow metabolism that helps them thrive in oxygen-scarce environments. Their calm demeanor and impressive strength make them ideal for transporting goods across rugged terrain.
  • In West Bengal, yaks are not found in the wild but are represented in captivity at the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling. This high-altitude zoo specializes in Himalayan fauna and provides a suitable environment for yaks, thanks to its elevation of 7,000 feet and cool climate. The zoo houses several yaks in spacious enclosures that mimic their natural habitat, complete with rocky terrain and shaded areas for resting. Visitors often find these animals peacefully grazing or lounging, their massive frames and long hair making them a striking sight against the backdrop of misty hills.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo’s yaks are part of its broader mission to showcase and conserve high-altitude herbivores. While not currently involved in a formal breeding program like the red panda or snow leopard, the yaks contribute to public education and awareness about Himalayan biodiversity. Interpretive signage and guided tours help visitors understand the yak’s ecological role and cultural significance, especially in regions where they are essential for transportation, dairy, and wool.
  • Seeing a yak up close at the Darjeeling Zoo offers a rare opportunity to appreciate the quiet strength and resilience of this iconic mountain animal. Their presence adds to the zoo’s rich tapestry of Himalayan wildlife and reinforces its reputation as a sanctuary for species adapted to life above the clouds. Whether you're a wildlife enthusiast or a curious traveler, the yak enclosure provides a moment of serene reflection amid the bustle of the zoo.
  • Photographs by Suprabha Kumari and ParthVaghela19, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Mishmi Takin
The Mishmi Takin (Budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) is a rare and endangered goat-antelope native to the mountainous forests of Northeast India, Myanmar, and China. With its muscular build, large nose, and thick, oily coat, the Mishmi Takin is perfectly adapted to cold, foggy environments.

  • It feeds primarily on bamboo and willow shoots and is known for its elusive nature in the wild. Despite being listed under Schedule I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act, its exact population in the wild remains uncertain, making captive conservation efforts all the more critical.
  • The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling became the first zoo in India to house Mishmi Takins in 2019. In a landmark exchange program with the Berlin Tierpark Zoo, Darjeeling received five Mishmi Takins—three males (Charles, Danny, and Rock) and two females (Claire and Ramona)—in return for two red pandas. The animals were carefully transported and acclimatized to their new high-altitude home, with experts from Berlin staying on to train local zookeepers in their care.
  • To accommodate these majestic animals, the zoo remodeled two herbivore enclosures, creating rocky shelters and shaded areas that mimic the Takins’ native habitat. The zoo’s elevation of over 7,000 feet and cool climate make it an ideal setting for high-altitude species like the Mishmi Takin. Since their arrival, the Takins have become a highlight for visitors, offering a rare glimpse into the life of a species that is both biologically unique and culturally significant—it’s even the national animal of Bhutan.
  • Beyond public display, the Darjeeling Zoo’s inclusion of the Mishmi Takin reflects its growing role in global conservation. The zoo is now part of India’s pioneering efforts in cryogenic preservation through its Frozen Zoo initiative, which aims to bio-bank genetic material from endangered Himalayan species. By housing and studying the Mishmi Takin, the zoo contributes not only to species survival but also to scientific understanding of alpine biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.
  • Photograph by Andrzej Otrębski, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

Barking Deer
The Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), also known as the Indian Muntjac, is a small, solitary deer species found throughout the Indo-Malayan region, including the forests of West Bengal.

  • It gets its name from the sharp, dog-like bark it emits when alarmed—a vocalization used to warn others of potential predators. These deer are known for their reddish-brown coats, short antlers, and prominent upper canines, which males use in territorial disputes. They inhabit dense undergrowth and are most active during dawn and dusk, feeding on leaves, fruits, and tender shoots.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling, the Barking Deer is part of the zoo’s collection of Himalayan and sub-Himalayan fauna. The zoo currently houses 12 individuals, and their enclosure is designed to reflect the deer’s natural forest habitat, with shaded areas, thick vegetation, and quiet corners for retreat. These features help reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors like browsing and territorial marking. The zoo’s elevation of 7,000 feet and cool climate provide a comfortable environment for these shy animals.
  • Although not part of a formal conservation breeding program, the Barking Deer at Darjeeling Zoo are closely monitored for health and behavior. Breeding occurs year-round, with rutting typically in colder months and fawns born during the monsoon season after a gestation period of 8–9 months. The zoo has documented successful births, contributing to the species’ captive population and offering opportunities for behavioral studies. Their solitary nature makes them less interactive than other species, but their presence is vital for showcasing India’s rich biodiversity.
  • For visitors, spotting a Barking Deer in the quiet corners of the zoo can be a rewarding experience. Their elusive movements and sudden alarm calls add a touch of wild mystery to the zoo’s serene atmosphere. As part of the broader mission to educate the public about Himalayan wildlife, the Barking Deer serves as a gentle reminder of the delicate balance between forest ecosystems and the species that depend on them.
  • Photograph by Davidvraju, distributed under a CC-BY 1.0 license.

Snow Leopard
The Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most elusive and majestic big cats in the world, native to the high-altitude regions of Central and South Asia. In India, its range spans the Himalayan belt from Jammu and Kashmir to Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, though it is not naturally found in the wild in West Bengal.

  • Despite its solitary nature and preference for rugged terrain above 3,000 meters, the snow leopard plays a vital ecological role as an apex predator, helping maintain the balance of mountain ecosystems. Sadly, it faces threats from habitat fragmentation, poaching, and retaliatory killings due to livestock predation, earning it a spot on the IUCN’s Vulnerable list.
  • The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling—India’s largest high-altitude zoo—has become a global leader in snow leopard conservation. It launched its captive breeding program in 1983, making it the first and most successful initiative of its kind in South East Asia. Over the years, the zoo has acquired snow leopards from international partners including Zurich Zoo, U.S. zoos, and institutions in Sweden, Germany, and the Czech Republic to ensure genetic diversity. As of 2025, the zoo has recorded 81 births, with 10 snow leopards (5 males and 5 females) currently in residence.
  • The zoo’s Conservation Breeding Centre at Topkeydara, located within the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary, provides off-display enclosures designed to mimic the snow leopard’s natural habitat. These terraced, rocky spaces include dens, shaded platforms, scratching logs, and natural substrates to encourage instinctive behaviors. Night shelters are equipped with heaters, dehumidifiers, and CCTV surveillance to monitor health and breeding activity. The zoo’s meticulous pairing process and biosecurity protocols have earned it international recognition from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).
  • Photographs by Shahnoor Habib Munmun, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

Royal Bengal Tiger
The Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the most iconic and widely distributed tiger subspecies in India, known for its powerful build, deep orange coat, and bold black stripes. In West Bengal, wild populations thrive in the Sundarbans mangrove forests, where they’ve adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, swimming between islands and hunting in dense undergrowth.

  • These tigers are apex predators and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Despite their strength and adaptability, they face threats from habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching, prompting extensive conservation efforts across India.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling, the Royal Bengal Tiger is a key attraction and part of the zoo’s commitment to showcasing India’s rich biodiversity. The zoo currently houses three Royal Bengal Tigers, including Samrat, a 17-year-old male, and two leucistic (white-coated) tigers named Nagmani and Akash, who arrived from the Nehru Zoological Park in Hyderabad as part of an animal exchange program. These white tigers are not albinos but carry a recessive gene that gives them their pale coloration, making them a rare and visually striking addition to the zoo.
  • The enclosures at Darjeeling Zoo are designed to reflect the tigers’ natural habitat, with shaded areas, water features, and elevated platforms for resting and observation. The zoo’s high-altitude setting and cool climate offer a comfortable environment for these big cats, who are monitored closely by veterinary staff, especially during acclimatization periods. The arrival of the white tiger pair has made Darjeeling Zoo the only zoo in India to house both Siberian Tigers and white Royal Bengal Tigers, a distinction that has drawn increased attention from tourists and wildlife enthusiasts.
  • Beyond public display, the zoo’s participation in exchange programs and its emphasis on education help raise awareness about tiger conservation. Interpretive signage and guided tours inform visitors about the species’ ecological role, threats to its survival, and the importance of preserving its habitat. For many, seeing a Royal Bengal Tiger up close—especially in such a unique setting—is a powerful reminder of India’s natural heritage and the ongoing efforts to protect its most regal predator.
  • Photographs by Slyronit, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Roseate Cockatoo
The Roseate Cockatoo, more commonly known as the Galah or Rose-breasted Cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla), is a striking parrot species native to Australia. With its vibrant pink chest, pale pink crest, and soft grey wings and back, the Galah is both visually captivating and behaviorally engaging.

  • These birds are highly social, intelligent, and known for their playful antics and ability to mimic human speech. Though they are not native to India, they are occasionally found in zoological collections across the country, including West Bengal.
  • In West Bengal, the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—popularly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—houses a Roseate Cockatoo among its diverse avian residents. Located at an altitude of 7,000 feet, this zoo specializes in alpine species and conservation breeding programs for endangered Himalayan fauna. While its primary focus is on native species like the red panda and snow leopard, the inclusion of exotic birds such as the Roseate Cockatoo adds educational and aesthetic value to the visitor experience.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo’s aviary features a variety of colorful birds, including macaws, pheasants, and parrots. The Roseate Cockatoo, with its charismatic personality and vivid plumage, is a favorite among visitors. According to recent reports, the bird was adopted by a local patron as part of the zoo’s animal adoption program, which allows individuals to contribute to the care and upkeep of specific animals. This initiative not only supports the zoo’s conservation efforts but also fosters a deeper connection between the public and wildlife.
  • Though the Galah thrives in open grasslands and urban areas in Australia, its presence in Darjeeling is carefully managed to ensure its well-being in a high-altitude environment. The zoo provides specialized care, including a balanced diet and enrichment activities, to keep the bird healthy and engaged. While it may be far from its native land, the Roseate Cockatoo at Darjeeling Zoo continues to charm visitors with its playful demeanor and radiant appearance.
  • Photograph by DickDaniels, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

African Gray Parrot
The African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is widely regarded as one of the most intelligent bird species on Earth. Native to the rainforests of West and Central Africa, these medium-sized parrots are celebrated for their exceptional ability to mimic human speech and solve complex problems.

  • Their plumage is a soft, smoky grey with a striking crimson tail, and they possess a powerful hooked beak suited for cracking nuts and seeds. In the wild, African Greys are social creatures, often roosting in large flocks and communicating through whistles and high-pitched calls.
  • Though not native to India, African Grey Parrots have found a place in several zoological parks across the country, including West Bengal. In Kolkata, for instance, exotic bird breeders and sellers offer African Greys as pets, reflecting their popularity among avian enthusiasts. However, their presence in captivity has also raised concerns—such as the seizure of illegally held African Greys from a circus in Birbhum district—highlighting the need for ethical treatment and proper regulation.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo, the African Grey Parrot is part of the zoo’s vibrant aviary collection. Perched at an altitude of 7,000 feet, this high-altitude zoo is best known for its conservation work with Himalayan species, but it also houses a variety of exotic birds. The African Grey here is showcased alongside other colorful parrots like macaws and cockatoos, offering visitors a glimpse into the diversity of global avifauna. The zoo provides detailed signage about each species, including the African Grey’s natural habitat, diet, and behavioral traits.
  • Visitors to the Darjeeling Zoo often find the African Grey Parrot particularly engaging due to its gentle nature and vocal abilities. While the zoo’s primary mission centers on conservation and education, the inclusion of such exotic species adds an extra layer of fascination. The parrot’s enclosure is designed to mimic its natural environment as closely as possible, with enrichment activities to keep it mentally stimulated. In this serene Himalayan setting, the African Grey Parrot continues to captivate guests with its quiet charisma and remarkable intelligence.
  • Photograph by Fiorellino, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

Red Junglefowl
The Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is a vibrant and historically significant bird species, widely recognized as the wild ancestor of the domestic chicken. Native to South and Southeast Asia, including India, it thrives in dense forests, scrublands, and agricultural fringes.

  • Males are especially eye-catching, with iridescent plumage in shades of red, orange, green, and black, while females sport more subdued, camouflaged tones. These birds are ground-dwellers, foraging for seeds, insects, and small fruits, and are known for their distinctive crowing and complex social behaviors.
  • In West Bengal, the Red Junglefowl is found in various forested regions, including protected areas like the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, where conservation efforts have been actively pursued. Notably, the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—has played a key role in the species’ preservation. In recent years, the zoo has undertaken reintroduction programs, releasing multiple pairs of Red Junglefowl into the wild to bolster local populations and maintain genetic diversity.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo, perched at an altitude of 7,000 feet, is primarily known for its work with alpine species, but it also houses a rich collection of birds, including the Red Junglefowl. These birds are part of the zoo’s aviary trail, which showcases both indigenous and exotic avifauna. Visitors can observe the Red Junglefowl’s natural behaviors in a semi-natural enclosure designed to mimic its native habitat, complete with underbrush and roosting areas. Their presence adds a splash of color and a touch of wild authenticity to the zoo’s offerings.
  • Beyond display, the zoo’s involvement in breeding and release programs reflects a broader commitment to conservation. By partnering with forest departments and wildlife authorities, the Darjeeling Zoo contributes to restoring ecological balance in nearby sanctuaries. The Red Junglefowl, once threatened by habitat loss and hybridization with domestic chickens, now benefits from these targeted efforts—ensuring that this iconic bird continues to thrive in the forests of West Bengal.
  • Photograph by Philip Pikart, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Golden Pheasant
The Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), also known as the Chinese pheasant, is one of the most visually stunning birds in the world.

  • Native to the mountainous forests of western and central China, the male Golden Pheasant dazzles with a golden-yellow crest, deep red body, and a cape of orange and black that fans out dramatically during courtship displays. Females, in contrast, are more subdued in color, with mottled brown plumage that helps them blend into their surroundings. Though not native to India, these birds are kept in captivity across the country as exotic attractions.
  • In West Bengal, Golden Pheasants are occasionally found in private collections and zoological parks. Their popularity has unfortunately made them targets for illegal wildlife trafficking. In 2024, the Border Security Force (BSF) intercepted a smuggling attempt along the Indo-Bangladesh border and rescued four Golden Pheasants in North 24-Parganas district. These birds, valued for their rarity and beauty, can fetch high prices in Kolkata’s exotic pet market, sometimes exceeding ₹40,000 for a pair. Their presence in India is strictly regulated under the Wildlife Protection Act, and they are listed under Schedule IV, which offers them legal protection from hunting and trade.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—the Golden Pheasant is part of the zoo’s vibrant aviary collection. The zoo, perched at 7,000 feet in the Eastern Himalayas, specializes in alpine species but also houses a variety of exotic birds. The Golden Pheasant is showcased alongside other pheasants like the Lady Amherst’s, Silver, and Kalij pheasants. Visitors are often captivated by the male’s brilliant plumage and graceful movements, making it one of the highlights of the bird trail.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo provides a semi-natural enclosure for its pheasants, designed to mimic their native forest habitats. Breeding programs are in place, with clutch sizes ranging from 8 to 12 eggs and an incubation period of about 22 to 23 days. While the zoo’s primary mission centers on conservation of Himalayan fauna, its inclusion of exotic species like the Golden Pheasant adds educational value and helps raise awareness about global biodiversity. In this serene mountain setting, the Golden Pheasant continues to enchant visitors with its regal presence and vibrant colors.
  • Photograph by Tamal Kanti Panja, distributed under a CC-BY 3.0 license.

Himalayan Wolf
The Himalayan Wolf (Canis himalayensis) is a rare and genetically distinct subspecies of wolf found in the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas, including parts of Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh.

  • Adapted to elevations between 7,000 and 13,000 feet, these wolves have a thick, dark coat and a robust build that helps them survive in harsh alpine climates. Unlike their more widespread cousins, Himalayan Wolves are believed to have evolved separately, with molecular studies suggesting they may represent a unique evolutionary lineage. Their population in the wild is critically low—fewer than 350 individuals remain—making conservation efforts vital.
  • In West Bengal, the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park—commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo—has emerged as a global leader in the conservation of this elusive species. The zoo received its first pair of Himalayan Wolves, named Hira and Moti, from Shimla Zoo in 1990. Since then, it has become the only zoo in the world to successfully breed Himalayan Wolves in captivity. A genetic study conducted in 1999 confirmed that the zoo’s wolf population was not only healthy but also genetically diverse, reinforcing the importance of its breeding program.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo’s enclosures are thoughtfully designed to mimic the wolves’ natural habitat, featuring undulating terrain, shaded dens, and natural furnishings like logs and rock piles. These elements provide both physical comfort and mental stimulation, allowing the wolves to exhibit natural behaviors. At one point, the zoo’s population reached 32 individuals, prompting selective sterilization to manage numbers responsibly. Today, the zoo maintains a small but stable group of Himalayan Wolves and continues to share individuals with other high-altitude zoos across India, including those in Nainital, Gangtok, and Shimla.
  • Beyond its breeding success, the zoo plays a crucial role in raising public awareness about the Himalayan Wolf’s ecological importance and conservation status. Listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and Appendix I of CITES, the species is protected from hunting and international trade. Visitors to the Darjeeling Zoo often find the wolves both majestic and mysterious, a living testament to the resilience of wildlife in the face of environmental challenges. In this serene Himalayan setting, the Himalayan Wolf continues to thrive—thanks to a blend of science, care, and commitment.
  • Photographs by Philip Slyronit, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

Asiatic Black Bear
The Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Moon Bear due to the distinctive crescent-shaped white patch on its chest, is a medium-sized bear species native to the forested and mountainous regions of Asia. In India, it inhabits the Himalayan states, including West Bengal, where it is found in protected areas like the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary near Darjeeling.

  • These bears are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, nuts, insects, and small mammals, and are known for their excellent climbing abilities and nocturnal habits. Despite their adaptability, they face threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict, and are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
  • In West Bengal, the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary has emerged as a key habitat for the Asiatic Black Bear. A 2022 study recorded bear activity in 7 out of 31 blocks within the sanctuary, indicating a healthy distribution across both East and West ranges. Interestingly, their presence near human settlements has raised concerns about potential future conflicts, although current incidents remain minimal. The sanctuary’s dense vegetation and proximity to villages make it a critical zone for monitoring bear behavior and implementing conservation strategies.
  • At the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, commonly known as the Darjeeling Zoo, the Asiatic Black Bear is one of the star attractions. The zoo, located at an altitude of 7,000 feet, specializes in high-altitude species and has undertaken a conservation breeding program for the bear since 2007. The enclosures are designed to replicate the bear’s natural habitat, with shaded dens, climbing structures, and enrichment activities that encourage natural behaviors. The zoo’s efforts include behavioral studies to improve captive care and breeding success, contributing valuable data to national conservation initiatives.
  • Visitors to the Darjeeling Zoo often find the Asiatic Black Bear both majestic and endearing. With its shaggy black coat, expressive eyes, and curious demeanor, the bear captivates guests while serving as a living ambassador for Himalayan wildlife. The zoo’s educational signage and guided tours help raise awareness about the species’ ecological role and the challenges it faces in the wild. Through a blend of science, care, and public engagement, the Darjeeling Zoo continues to play a vital role in safeguarding the future of the Asiatic Black Bear in West Bengal.
  • Photographs by flowcomm, distributed under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Red Panda
The Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) is a charismatic and elusive mammal native to the Eastern Himalayas, including parts of West Bengal, where it inhabits temperate forests rich in bamboo.

  • With its russet fur, bushy ringed tail, and expressive white facial markings, the red panda is often affectionately called the “firefox.” Despite its name, it is not closely related to the giant panda and belongs to its own unique family, Ailuridae. In India, red pandas are found in the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts, as well as in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. They are listed as Endangered by the IUCN due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and poaching.
  • The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park has emerged as a global leader in red panda conservation. Established in 1958 at an altitude of 7,000 feet, the zoo specializes in high-altitude Himalayan species and launched its Red Panda Conservation Breeding Project in 1990. Starting with a small group of wild-caught individuals, the zoo has since expanded its population through strategic breeding and international collaborations, including exchanges with zoos in Rotterdam, Madrid, and Auckland. The zoo currently houses over 19 red pandas, including cubs, and maintains a dedicated off-display breeding center in Topkedara under the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary.
  • One of the zoo’s most remarkable achievements is its reintroduction program, which began in 2003. Captive-bred red pandas have been successfully released into Singalila National Park, a protected area in West Bengal known for its rich biodiversity and bamboo forests. Between 2022 and 2024, nine red pandas were released, and several have since given birth in the wild—a promising sign for population recovery. The zoo also conducts habitat restoration, genetic research, and hormonal studies in collaboration with institutions like CCMB, IISER, and WII.
  • The Darjeeling Zoo’s red panda program has earned international acclaim, including being named a finalist for the 2024 WAZA Conservation & Environmental Sustainability Awards. Through its blend of science, care, and public engagement, the zoo not only safeguards this endangered species but also inspires visitors to appreciate the delicate balance of Himalayan ecosystems. In the misty heights of Darjeeling, the red panda continues to thrive—both as a symbol of conservation success and as a beloved ambassador of the wild.
  • Photographs by Paulmshr14, distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.

See Also

Source

Location

Location: Padmaja naidu, Himalayan zoological park, Jawahar Parbat, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734104, India