Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India

The Ranganathaswamy Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Ranganatha (a form of Vishnu) and his consort Ranganayaki (a form of Lakshmi). The temple is located in Srirangam, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

The temple occupies an area of 63 hectares (155 acres) with 81 shrines, 21 towers, 39 pavilions, and many water tanks integrated into the complex.

The temple complex includes over 50 shrines. These are dedicated to Vishnu, Lakshmi as well as various Vaishnava scholars and poets. The shrines to Vishnu display him in his various avatars, as well as his iconography.

Raja Gopuram Main Entrance seen from west At the top of the tower is Yali. Yalis are mythical creatures believed to possess immense power and strength. By placing them on top of gopurams, they are thought to guard the temple from evil spirits and negative forces. Their position at the highest points of the gopuram makes them sentinel figures, watching over the temple and its devotees. The intricate carvings of Yalis add to the architectural beauty and grandeur of the gopurams. They exemplify the skill and creativity of the artisans who crafted them. Yalis often contribute to the symmetrical design of the gopuram, enhancing its overall visual balance and harmony. Yalis, combining features of different animals like lions, elephants, and horses, symbolize the amalgamation of various divine attributes. They represent the cosmic order and the union of different elements. The presence of these mythical creatures underscores the deep respect and reverence for nature and its mystical elements within Hindu culture. Being positioned at the highest points, Yalis symbolically guide devotees' eyes and minds upward, encouraging them to elevate their thoughts and spirits towards the divine. Yalis embody the strength and resilience needed to overcome life's challenges, reminding devotees of the divine protection and support available to them. The placement of Yalis on gopurams is a blend of artistic expression, cultural heritage, and spiritual symbolism, enhancing the sanctity and majesty of the temple.

Panorama of the south side of Raja Gopuram Main Entrance The ascending levels of a gopuram symbolize the cosmic hierarchy, representing the ascent from the earthly realm to the divine. Each level signifies a step closer to spiritual enlightenment and union with the divine. The multi-tiered structure encourages devotees to elevate their thoughts and aspirations as they approach the temple, moving from the mundane to the sacred. The grand and towering gopuram serves as a visible manifestation of the divine presence, guiding devotees towards the temple. The higher the gopuram, the more it signifies the prominence and sanctity of the deity housed within. The gopuram is often seen as a microcosm of the universe, with its multiple levels reflecting the different layers of existence—physical, mental, and spiritual. The gopuram's structure often incorporates intricate carvings and sculptures depicting mythological stories, deities, and celestial beings, creating a visual narrative of sacred history and beliefs. The gopuram acts as a protective gateway, warding off evil and ensuring that only positive energies enter the sacred precincts. Each level is adorned with figures and motifs that symbolize auspiciousness and divine blessings. As devotees pass through the gopuram, they undergo a ritualistic journey, symbolizing purification and preparation to enter the inner sanctum of the temple. Each level represents a stage in this transformative journey. During temple festivals, the gopuram becomes a focal point for various rituals and ceremonies, with each level playing a role in the vibrant celebrations and processions. The progression from the base to the pinnacle of the gopuram symbolizes the spiritual path towards moksha (liberation), guiding devotees through stages of self-realization and divine communion. The topmost level of the gopuram is often crowned with a kalasha (finial), representing the ultimate goal of spiritual union with the divine. The multi-level structure of a gopuram is a powerful symbol of spiritual ascent, architectural grandeur, and cultural heritage, enriching the spiritual experience of devotees and visitors alike.

Detail of the central entrance on the first level

Crossing the Raja Gopuram Main Entrance There are 21 gopurams (tower gateways), among which the towering Rajagopuram (shrine of the main gateway) is the tallest temple tower in Asia. The 13-tiered Rajagopuram had a base constructed around 1500 CE and later completed in 1987 by Ahobhila Matha, a historic Sri Vaishnava Hindu monastery. This tower dominates the landscape for miles around, while the remaining 20 gopurams were built between the 12th and early 17th centuries.

Raja Gopuram Main Entrance seen from north

Second southern gopuram seen from the south

Panorama of the first level of the second southern gopuram seen from the south On either side of the opening, with two columns, is a guardian (Dvarapala) holding a club. Note that the Dvarapala on the left has blue skin and the Dvarapala on the right has red skin. Blue is often associated with divinity and is commonly seen in depictions of gods like Vishnu and Krishna. This color represents the infinite and eternal nature of the divine. Blue can symbolize the sky and ocean, which are vast, eternal, and omnipresent, much like the divine presence. Red is a powerful color often associated with energy, strength, and protective qualities. It is also linked to Mars (Mangala), the planet of war and protection. Red symbolizes life force, passion, and vibrancy, qualities essential for the guardians tasked with protecting sacred spaces. Dvarapalas stand as sentinels at temple entrances, symbolizing protection and vigilance. Their formidable appearance and distinct colors serve to ward off negative energies and evil forces. The contrasting colors of the Dvarapalas represent the balance of different cosmic energies—blue for the serene, infinite aspect of divinity, and red for the dynamic, protective force. Together, they create a harmonious balance that safeguards the temple. In Hindu iconography, the use of color is deeply symbolic. The distinct colors of the Dvarapalas can reflect different attributes and energies they embody, enhancing their role as divine protectors. These color representations can vary based on regional traditions and the specific temple’s heritage, adding layers of meaning to their depiction. The vibrant colors of the Dvarapalas add to the visual grandeur and aesthetic appeal of the gopuram, making them stand out and emphasize their protective role. The use of distinct colors also serves to communicate their roles and attributes to devotees, even at a distance, enhancing their spiritual significance. The contrasting colors of the Dvarapalas are not just for artistic expression but carry deep symbolic meanings, contributing to the temple's spiritual ambiance and protective aura.

Second southern gopuram seen from the north

Third southern gopuram seen from the south

Third southern gopuram seen from the north

Plan of Ranganathaswamy Plan Legend: South or Kurat Alwar Gopuram East or Vellay Gopuram North or Nachiyar sanadi Gopuram of the second court Vaikuntha Gopuram of the second court The Shrine (curiously circular) Chandan mandapam Yajna Sata mandapam Garuda mandapam Sri pandara mandapam Surya-pushka rani Ramasvami temple Vaikunth temple Chandra-pushka rani Dhanvantari temple Vasudeva Perumal temples Narasimha Perumal temple Granaries Ranganayaki temple 1000 columns mandapam Seshagiri-rao temple Rangavilasam mandapam Kurat-Alwar temple Krishna temples Elephant stables Kada-kili mandapam

Fourth southern gopuram seen from the south (Plan No. 1)

Panorama of the first level of the fourth southern gopuram seen from the south Note the Discus, the V Mark, and the Conch in the center, between the two columns. The Sudarshana Chakra (Discus) is a powerful symbol of Vishnu's divine protection and authority. It represents the destruction of evil and the preservation of righteousness (dharma). The chakra, with its spinning motion, symbolizes the cyclical nature of the universe and the eternal cycle of time. Vishnu uses the Sudarshana Chakra (Discus) as a weapon to annihilate demons and evil forces, restoring cosmic order. The V-shaped mark, known as the Urdhva Pundra or Srivatsa (V Mark), is a distinguishing feature of Vishnu and his followers. This mark symbolizes divine protection and Vishnu's presence. It is often applied on the forehead of Vishnu devotees as a sign of devotion and identification. The V mark represents the sacred feet of Lord Vishnu, emphasizing the devotion and submission of his followers to his divine will. It also signifies the worshipper's alignment with Vishnu's cosmic order. The conch, called Panchajanya, symbolizes the primordial sound "Om," which is considered the sound of the universe and the essence of creation. The conch also represents purity, divine sound, and the victory of good over evil. Vishnu uses the conch to produce a resonant sound that purifies the environment, dispels negativity, and calls his devotees to spiritual awakening and action. These symbols collectively highlight Vishnu's roles as the preserver and protector of the universe, guiding his devotees toward righteousness and spiritual enlightenment. They are central to his iconography and worship practices.

Fourth southern gopuram seen from the southeast

Fourth southern gopuram seen from the north

Panorama of the fourth southern gopuram seen from the northwest

Courtyard after the fourth southern gopuram In the center of this courtyard is a small mandapam (pillared hall) with only four columns.

Garuda on top of the small mandapam On top of this small mandapam is a statue of Garuda. Garuda holds a significant place in the worship and symbolism of Vishnu, serving as his divine vehicle (vahana) and a powerful deity in his own right. Garuda, often depicted as a large, majestic eagle or a half-man, half-bird being, is the mount of Lord Vishnu. This association signifies Garuda's role as a protector and servant of Vishnu, carrying him across the heavens. Garuda represents swiftness, strength, and the ability to transcend earthly limitations. These qualities highlight Vishnu's omnipresence and his ability to swiftly intervene in the world to restore order and righteousness. In various myths, Garuda is known for his bravery and strength, often depicted as combating and vanquishing serpents (nagas), symbolizing the victory of good over evil. This reinforces Vishnu's role as the preserver and protector of the universe. One of the sacred texts in Hinduism, the Garuda Purana, is attributed to Garuda. This scripture covers various aspects of life, death, and the afterlife, providing guidance on moral and spiritual duties. Statues and images of Garuda are prominently featured in Vishnu temples, symbolizing protection and divine support. He is often depicted with Vishnu in his four-armed form, enhancing the deity's majestic and powerful presence. Garuda is worshipped in various festivals and rituals, particularly those dedicated to Vishnu. Devotees often invoke Garuda's protection and blessings, seeking courage and strength. Given his association with flight and travel, Garuda is revered by those seeking safe journeys. He is considered a guardian of those who traverse great distances, both physically and spiritually. Garuda's unwavering devotion to Vishnu serves as an inspiration to devotees, emphasizing the virtues of loyalty, service, and dedication to the divine. Garuda's integral role in the cult of Vishnu highlights his importance as a divine guardian, a symbol of power and protection, and a key figure in Hindu mythology and worship practices. His presence enriches the spiritual experience of Vishnu devotees and reinforces the themes of protection, strength, and divine intervention.

Panorama of Rangavilasam mandapam (Plan No. 21) Ranga Vilasa mandapam is one of the larger community halls designed for large spaces between the pillars for the pilgrim groups and families to sit together and rest. It is covered with Hindu mythology murals and narratives from the Ramayana. The term "Rangavilasam" translates to "Blossoming of Colors" or "Abundance of Colors". It signifies the vibrant and richly adorned nature of the mantapam (hall) within the Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam. This name reflects the intricate carvings, colorful decorations, and the overall aesthetic beauty of the hall, which is designed to create a visually stunning and spiritually uplifting environment for devotees.

Climbing up to the roof of the Rangavilasam mandapam

The four sides of the flagstaff of Rangavilasam mandapam The mast in Hindu temples is called a dhvaja stambha or flagstaff. This pillar is an integral part of temple architecture, symbolizing various spiritual and religious concepts. The dhvaja stambha stands tall in front of the temple's main sanctum, representing the presence and glory of the deity worshipped within. It is often adorned with the deity's emblem or flag. It marks the start of the spiritual journey for devotees, guiding them towards the sanctum and encouraging them to leave behind worldly concerns. Some interpretations suggest it symbolizes a connection between the earthly realm and the divine, acting as a conduit for blessings and spiritual energy. These flagstaffs are usually elaborately decorated and can vary in size, but they always hold a place of reverence in Hindu temples, enhancing the sacred atmosphere.

Fourth southern gopuram seen from the top of the Rangavilasam mandapam

Panorama of the fourth southern gopuram seen from the top of the Rangavilasam mandapam

The main shrine for Ranganatha is in the innermost courtyard The sanctum has a golden vimanam (crown tower over the sanctum sanctorum). It is shaped like the Tamil omkara (om symbol), shows anthropomorphic Paravasudeva on its gable, has an etching of Ramanuja as well on it, and is plated with gold. Inside, a 6-metre (20 ft) edifice of Ranganatha reclining on Adishesha, the coiled serpent, can be seen. Adisesha has five hoods and is coiled into three and a half rounds. Vishnu's head rests on a small cylindrical pillow and his right palm which faces upwards rests next to his head. A pendant containing Lakshmi's image is placed on Ranganatha's chest. Ranganatha's crown, hands and feet are plated with gold. Neither Sridevi (goddess Lakshmi) nor Bhudevi (goddess Earth) are depicted near his feet, as is found in late medieval era paintings. The sanctum does not show Brahma coming out of or connected to his navel either.

Crossing Rangavilasam mandapam

Panorama of the north side of Rangavilasam mandapam

Panorama of Krishna temple seen from south (Plan No. 23)

Sculptures on the south wall of the Krishna temple

West wall of Krishna temple

Sculptures on the west wall of the Krishna temple

North wall of Krishna temple

Sculptures on the north wall of the Krishna temple

Elephant that grants blessings to pilgrims In many Hindu temples, particularly in South India, there is often an elephant that gives blessings to the devotees. Temple elephants symbolize devotion, strength, and the removal of obstacles. They are often associated with Lord Ganesha, who is worshiped as the remover of obstacles. The elephant blesses pilgrims by gently touching their heads with its trunk. This act is considered very auspicious and is believed to bring good luck and divine blessings. These elephants sometimes participate in temple rituals, processions, and festivals, adding to the grandeur and sacredness of the events. Temple elephants are highly revered, and their presence enriches the spiritual experience of the devotees.

Karthigai gopuram seen from south Karthigai is a significant and vibrant festival celebrated predominantly in Tamil Nadu and other parts of South India. It is known as Karthigai Deepam or the Festival of Lights. This festival usually falls in the Tamil month of Karthigai (mid-November to mid-December) and has deep religious and cultural significance. Karthigai Deepam is often compared to Diwali, as it also involves lighting lamps. People illuminate their homes and temples with oil lamps to ward off evil spirits and invite prosperity and happiness. The festival is associated with the divine event of Lord Shiva appearing as an infinite flame. It also celebrates the birth of Lord Murugan (also known as Kartikeya), the god of war and victory. It is a time for families to come together, offer prayers, and celebrate with traditional foods and sweets. Karthigai Deepam is marked by beautiful displays of lamps, creating a mesmerizing and spiritually uplifting atmosphere.

Sculptures of the lower level of the Karthigai gopuram

Crossing Karthigai gopuram and entering Garuda mandapam (Plan No. 8)

Crossing Garuda mandapam Garuda Mandapam is named after the vahana (vehicle) of Vishnu, named Garuda. It is on the south side of the third prakaram courtyard. It too is dated to the Nayak rule era. Inside the community hall, on its pillars, are portrait sculptures. In the middle is a free-standing seated Garuda figure, identifiable by his eagle-head, wings and him facing the Vishnu shrine.

Sculpture in front of the entrance to the Garuda shrine

Entrance to the Garuda shrine Garuda, the mighty eagle-like bird, is a revered deity in Hindu mythology and is known as the king of birds. He is the vahana (vehicle) of Lord Vishnu and is highly respected for his strength, loyalty, and ability to swiftly transcend between the mortal and divine realms. Garuda is worshipped in many temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu. There are also temples exclusively dedicated to Garuda, where devotees can offer their prayers and seek blessings. Garuda Panchami festival, observed mainly in South India, honors Garuda. Devotees perform special rituals, recite prayers, and offer food to Brahmins and birds. Devotees chant the Garuda Dandakam, a hymn in praise of Garuda, and offer flowers, fruits, and other items during puja (worship). Garuda is a symbol of bravery, protection, and unwavering devotion. By worshipping Garuda, devotees seek to overcome obstacles, gain protection from negative influences, and achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Entrance gopuram to the Chandan mandapam and the main shrine Chandan refers to sandalwood, a fragrant wood that is highly valued in various cultural, religious, and medicinal contexts. In Hinduism, Chandan plays a significant role, and its use is steeped in symbolic meaning and tradition. Sandalwood paste, known as chandan, is often applied to the forehead and body as a mark of purification and devotion. It is believed to cool the mind, body, and spirit, promoting tranquility and focus. During rituals and ceremonies, chandan is offered to deities as a sign of respect and reverence. Its soothing fragrance is thought to please the gods and create a sanctified atmosphere. Sandalwood represents spiritual awareness and enlightenment. It is frequently used in meditation practices to aid concentration and deepen spiritual experiences. Chandan is cherished not just for its pleasant aroma but also for its sacred and symbolic properties, making it an essential element in Hindu worship and daily life.

Sculpture of Krishna playing the flute Notice the cow licking Krishna's foot when he plays the flute. In Hindu mythology, cows hold a very special place, symbolizing prosperity, fertility, and purity. Krishna, who is also known as Govinda or Gopala, meaning "protector of cows," shares a deep bond with these gentle creatures. This imagery is part of the larger narrative of Krishna's childhood, where he is frequently shown playing his flute, enchanting not just humans but animals as well. The cows, being his beloved companions, often respond to his music with affectionate gestures such as licking his feet, highlighting the harmony and love between Krishna and his environment. This serene and pastoral depiction of Krishna playing the flute and being surrounded by cows is a central and cherished theme in many artistic representations and devotional stories.

Sculpture of Krishna eating the butter ball The story of Krishna eating butter is often referred to as Makhan Chor (Butter Thief). Krishna's playful acts of stealing butter from the homes of Gokul highlight his divine yet mischievous childhood. These stories emphasize the purity and innocence of childhood. The affection Krishna receives from the gopis (milkmaids) and his love for butter symbolize the deep, endearing relationship between the divine and his devotees. It underscores the idea that God can be won over with simple acts of love and devotion. Butter, derived from churning milk, represents the essence of life and purity. Krishna's love for butter signifies the divine's connection to the purest and most essential aspects of life. By delighting in simple pleasures like butter, Krishna teaches that spiritual joy and contentment come from within and not from material wealth or possessions. These stories, while endearing, are also rich with layers of symbolism, reinforcing the close, loving bond between the divine and devotees and the importance of pure, childlike devotion in spiritual practice.

Vellai gopuram seen from west (Plan No. 2) The Vellai gopuram (white tower) on the east side of the fourth enclosure has a steep pyramidal superstructure that reaches a height of almost 44 metres (144 ft).

Shesharayar mandapam (Plan No. 20) Sesharayar mandapam is the intricately carved hall built during the Nayaka rule period. It is found on the east side of the fourth prakaram courtyard. The northern side of this community hall has 40 leaping animals with riders on their back, all carved out of monolithic pillars.

Leaping animals This hall is celebrated for this leaping animals carved on to the piers at its northern end. The pillars consists of sculptures of wildly rearing horses bearing riders on their backs and trampling with their hoofs upon the heads of rampant tigers, seem only natural and congruous among such weird surroundings. The great hall is traversed by one wide aisle in the center for the whole of its greater length, and intersected by transepts of like dimension running across at right angles. There still remain seven side aisles on each side, in which all the pillars are equally spaced out.

Shiva is shown opening the belly of the demon Andhaka with his hands This act symbolizes the destruction of ignorance and evil, and the restoration of cosmic order. Andhaka was a powerful and wicked demon, born from a drop of Lord Shiva's sweat. Initially, he was a devoted follower of Shiva, but his nature changed, leading him to become arrogant and destructive. Andhaka desired to conquer the heavens and the earth, and even sought to possess the goddess Parvati, who is Shiva's consort. To punish Andhaka for his audacity and evil deeds, Shiva engaged in a fierce battle with him. Despite Andhaka's immense strength and the support of his demon army, he was no match for Shiva's divine power. During the battle, Shiva is said to have opened Andhaka's belly with his trident, revealing the demonic fire within. In some versions of the story, Shiva plunges his trident into Andhaka, causing him to bleed profusely. As Andhaka's blood touched the ground, it gave rise to more demons, adding to the chaos of the battle. The story symbolizes the defeat of ignorance, arrogance, and evil by divine forces. By opening Andhaka's belly and releasing the demonic fire, Shiva transforms destructive energy into a purifying force, underscoring his role as both destroyer and protector. Shiva's act highlights the importance of maintaining cosmic balance and punishing those who disrupt it. This legend is a powerful reminder of Shiva's prowess and his unwavering commitment to upholding righteousness and cosmic order.

Panorama of Shesharayar mandapam

Sculpture of Vishnu riding Garuda Garuda, a powerful and majestic bird, signifies the might and authority of Vishnu. Together, they represent the supreme power and protection that Vishnu offers to his devotees. Garuda is known for his strength and speed, attributes that aid Vishnu in his divine mission to combat evil and restore dharma (cosmic order). The sight of Vishnu on Garuda embodies the triumph of good over evil. Garuda, representing the skies, and Vishnu, a preserver and protector, together symbolize the harmony between the earthly and divine realms. This partnership underscores the balance and interconnectedness of the universe. Garuda’s ability to traverse the heavens symbolizes the soul’s journey towards enlightenment and the divine. Riding Garuda, Vishnu guides souls on their spiritual ascent. These elements combine to create a powerful symbol of protection, guidance, and the preservation of righteousness, reflecting the profound relationship between the divine and the cosmos.

Hanuman inside the belly of the crocodile When Hanuman was on his way to the Himalayas to fetch the Sanjeevani herb, he had to cross a river. In that river, a crocodile, which was actually a cursed celestial being, tried to swallow him. Hanuman, with his immense strength, allowed himself to be swallowed and entered the crocodile's belly. Inside, he found the celestial being and rescued it. The being, in gratitude, revealed its true identity and blessed Hanuman, helping him continue his mission. This story highlights Hanuman's bravery, strength, and ability to overcome any obstacles for a righteous cause. Even in the face of danger, Hanuman shows compassion by rescuing the celestial being trapped inside the crocodile. Hanuman's exploits are full of such remarkable stories that demonstrate his divine qualities and unwavering dedication to Lord Rama.

Hanuman Hanuman holds a special place in the Vaishnavite (Vishnu-centric) tradition due to his unwavering devotion to Lord Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu. Hanuman epitomizes bhakti (devotion) and seva (service) to his chosen deity. His dedication to Lord Rama is considered the highest form of devotion, serving as an ideal model for devotees to emulate. Hanuman's incredible feats of strength, courage, and loyalty in the service of Rama demonstrate the power and importance of faith. His actions during the Ramayana, such as his journey to Lanka and his role in the battle against Ravana, symbolize the triumph of good over evil. Hanuman is seen as a guide and protector for devotees. His life and actions provide spiritual lessons on humility, selfless service, and unwavering faith in the divine. Temples dedicated to Hanuman are prevalent, and he is worshipped by followers of Vishnu for his protective and benevolent nature. Devotees often recite prayers like the Hanuman Chalisa to seek his blessings for strength, courage, and success in their endeavors. In the Vishnu cult, Hanuman's relationship with Lord Rama underscores the profound connection between a devotee and the divine, highlighting the importance of humility, devotion, and unwavering faith.

Avatars of Vishnu

Vishnu, the preserver and protector in Hinduism, is known for his ten primary avatars (incarnations), collectively known as the Dashavatara. Each avatar appears at different times to restore cosmic order by defeating evil and protecting dharma (righteousness).

These avatars collectively illustrate Vishnu's role in preserving and protecting the universe through various forms, adapting to the needs of the time to restore balance.

1. Matsya (The Fish) Saved the sacred texts (Vedas) and humanity from a great flood. Represents the beginning of life and the protection of sacred knowledge.

2. Kurma (The Tortoise) Supported Mount Mandara during the churning of the ocean to obtain the nectar of immortality. Symbolizes stability and support.

3. Varaha (The Boar) Rescued the Earth (personified as the goddess Bhudevi) from the demon Hiranyaksha. Represents the power to lift the earth and restore balance.

4. Narasimha (The Man-Lion) Destroyed the demon king Hiranyakashipu, who was immune to attacks from man, beast, or god. Combines human intelligence and animal power to combat evil.

5. Vamana (The Dwarf) Deceived the demon king Bali to restore the gods' control over the universe. Highlights humility and the power of strategy over brute strength.

6. Parashurama (The Warrior with an Axe) Eradicated corrupt and oppressive kshatriyas (warriors) to restore justice. Symbolizes the warrior sage and the importance of dharma.

7. Rama (The Prince of Ayodhya) Embodied perfect dharma; vanquished the demon king Ravana. Represents the ideal man, king, husband, and son.

8. Krishna (The Divine Statesman) Played a key role in the Mahabharata; delivered the Bhagavad Gita's teachings. Embodies divine love, wisdom, and the destroyer of evil.

9. Buddha (The Enlightened One) Taught the path to enlightenment, promoting peace and non-violence. Emphasizes compassion, renunciation, and the middle path.

10. Kalki (The Future Warrior) Predicted to appear at the end of the current age (Kali Yuga) to destroy corruption and evil. Symbolizes the final destroyer of evil, restoring righteousness and a new age.

See Also

• Amma Mandapam Ghats, Srirangam
• Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, Madurai
• Vandiyur Mariamman Teppakulam, Madurai
• Meenakshi Temple, Madurai

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Source

• Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam - Wikipedia

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