Ecuador, nestled along the northwestern coast of South America, is a country of remarkable geographic and cultural diversity. From the towering Andes mountains to the lush Amazon rainforest and the Pacific coastline, Ecuador’s varied landscapes have nurtured a rich tapestry of civilizations for millennia. Before Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the region was home to several advanced indigenous cultures, including the Caranqui, Quitu, and Cañari peoples. These groups developed intricate agricultural systems, built ceremonial centers, and maintained complex social structures. The Inca Empire eventually expanded into Ecuador in the late 15th century, integrating local societies into its vast network, though resistance from groups like the Cañari was fierce and enduring. Today, Ecuador’s indigenous heritage remains vibrant and influential. Over a dozen distinct indigenous nationalities live throughout the country, including the Kichwa in the ...